![]() Hobson took up the offer and moved the capital of New Zealand to Tāmaki Makaurau, naming the settlement Auckland. Soon after signing the Treaty, Te Kawau offered land on the Waitematā Harbour to William Hobson, the new Governor of New Zealand, for his new capital. Ngāti Whātua sought British protection from Ngāpuhi as well as a reciprocal relationship with the Crown and the Church. On 20 March 1840 in the Manukau Harbour area where Ngāti Whātua farmed, paramount chief Apihai Te Kawau signed Te Tiriti o Waitangi, the Treaty of Waitangi. Ngāpuhi, led by Hongi Hika, exacted revenge in 1825 when they defeated Ngāti Whātua in the battle of Te Ika a Ranganui near Kaiwaka. Ngāti Whātua overcame the Ngāpuhi warriors with hand weapons while Ngāpuhi were reloading their muskets, winning a decisive victory over the attackers. Ngāpuhi attacked Ngāti Whātua in 1807 or 1808 in the battle of Moremonui north of Dargaville - probably the occasion of the first use of firearms in Māori warfare. Rivalry with Ngāpuhi escalated in the early 19th century when Ngāpuhi acquired muskets. By the 16th and 17th century, Ngāti Whātua had become established around the Kaipara Harbour. They also descend from ancestors who migrated from Muriwhenua in the Far North and intermarried with the tribes in Ngāti Whātua's territory. The iwi traces its arrival in New Zealand to the Māhuhu-ki-te-rangi canoe, which landed north of the Kaipara Harbour. Ngāti Whātua descends from the ancestor Tuputupuwhenua (also known as Tumutumuwhenua). By the time of European settlement in New Zealand, Ngāti Whātua's territory was around the Kaipara Harbour and stretching south to Tāmaki Makaurau, the site of present-day Auckland. The area runs from Tāmaki River in the south to Maunganui Bluff (at the northern end of Aranga Beach on the west coast) in the north, and to Whangarei Harbour on the east coast. The southern boundary is expressed as, " Te awa o Tāmaki". The northern boundary is expressed as, " Manaia titiro ki Whatitiri, Whatitiri titiro ki Tutamoe, Tutamoe titiro ki Maunganui". Ngāti Whātua's territory or rohe is traditionally expressed as, " Tāmaki ki Maunganui i te Tai Hauauru" and " Tāmaki ki Manaia i te Rawhiti". The four hapū can act together or separately as independent tribes. It comprises a confederation of four hapū (subtribes) interconnected both by ancestry and by association over time: Te Uri-o-Hau, Te Roroa, Te Taoū, and Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei. "The younger generation are great examples of mothers, those who protect the spirits of our children.Ngāti Whātua is a Māori iwi (tribe) of the lower Northland Peninsula of New Zealand's North Island. A mother will be celebrated by the words of her children," Hare says. That is also the less fortunate mothers or single mothers who are raising their children alone, they are strong women. "I have seen in your generation that the mothers are very caring and nurturing, to protect the spirit of your children and maintain the love between you. But that is the job of the eldest, is to look after the rest of the family. "When my mother passed away, I was the mother-figure for my family because when my mother passed my sister passed not long after. "You can tell a woman who has been taught by her mother," she says. A gentle mother that is adored by her children. "Māori mothers are very different to the rest, the job of a Māori mother is to nurture her children, to care for them and protect them, not only her children but the children of her wider family and hapū. They are examples of mana wāhine," Turuhira Hare of Ngāi Tūhoe says. "There are the stories of Hinetītama, Hine-ahu-one, of Hine-nui-te-pō, those are great examples of mana wāhine in Māoridom. These days you see mana wahine in the women who were nurtured and taught by her elders, her hapū. Our reporter and mother of three, Mahina Hurkmans, spoke to a staunch wahine Māori of Ngāi Tūhoe about what the mana of a wahine Māori means to her. Mother's Day is a celebration honouring the mother of the family, as well as motherhood and maternal bond. ![]()
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